Das falsch vermessene Kunstwerk:zur kunstgeographischen Bestimmung stilistischer Stetigkeit im zeitlichen Wandel, wissenschaftsgeschichtlich nach den Quellen dargestellt

Die Kunstgeographie hat derzeit in der deutschen Kunsthistoriographie einen schweren Stand. Ihre methodologische Annahme eines Raumstiles machte sie vordergründig mit den nationalsozialistischen Raumphantasien gemein. Diese bis in die Gegenwart anhaltende Perhorreszenz freilich verkennt, daß die Vorstellung eines Zusammenspiels landschaftlichen Wesens und eines daraus emergierenden sittlichen wie künstlerischen Geschehens, die Vorstellung mithin einer „Daseinsursprünglichkeit überindividueller Zusammenhänge“ (Thomas Mann) auf die Antike zurückgeht und sich bis in die Moderne durchgehalten hat. Vor allem die Fundamentalontologie Martin Heideggers erweist die deutsche kunstgeographische Forschung der 1920er und 30er Jahre (Dagobert Frey, Paul Pieper, Hans Erich Kubach u.v.m.) als eine phänomenologisch-hermeneutische Wissenschaft, der es um die Aufzeigung einer sich in den Kunstwerken aussprechenden „Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen“ (Wilhelm Pinder) im Kunstgeschehen angelegen ist

The weekend effect in liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: The weekend effect describes a phenomenon whereby patients admitted to hospitals on weekends are at higher risk of complications compared to those admitted during weekdays. However, if a weekend effect exists in orthotopic liver transplantation (oLT). METHODS: We analyzed oLT between 2006 and 2016 and stratified patients into weekday (Monday to Friday) and weekend (Saturday, Sunday) groups. Primary outcome measures were one-year patient and graft survival. RESULTS: 364 deceased donor livers were transplanted into 329 patients with 246 weekday (74.77%) and 83 weekend (25.23%) patients. Potential confounders (e.g. age, ischemia time, MELD score) were comparable. One-year patient and graft survival were similar. Frequencies of rejections, primary-non function or re-transplantation were not different. The day of transplantation was not associated with one-year patient and graft survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: We provide the first data for the Eurotransplant region on oLT stratified for weekend and weekday procedures and our findings suggest there was no weekend effect on oLT. While we hypothesize that the absent weekend effect is due to standardized transplant procedures and specialized multidisciplinary transplant teams, our results are encouraging showing oLT is a safe and successful procedure, independent from the day of the week

Impact of nighttime procedures on outcomes after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is a well-known risk factor for the performance of medical professionals. Solid organ transplantation (especially orthotopic liver transplantation (oLT)) appears to be vulnerable since it combines technically challenging operative procedures with an often unpredictable start time, frequently during the night. Aim of this study was to analyze whether night time oLT has an impact on one-year graft and patient survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Deceased donor oLTs between 2006 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and stratified for recipients with a start time at day (8 a.m. and 6 p.m.) or at night (6 p.m. to 8 a.m.). We examined donor as well as recipient demographics and primary outcome measure was one-year patient and graft survival. RESULTS: 350 oLTs were conducted in the study period, 154 (44%) during daytime and 196 (56%) during nighttime. Donor and recipient variables were comparable. One-year patient survival (daytime 75.3% vs nighttime 76.5%, p = 0.85) as well as graft survival (daytime 69.5% vs nighttime 73.5%, p = 0.46) were similar between the two groups. Frequencies of reoperation (daytime 53.2% vs nighttime 55.1%, p = 0.74) were also not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective single center data derived from a German transplant center within the Eurotransplant region provides evidence that oLT is a safe procedure irrespective of the starting time. Our data demonstrate that compared to daytime surgery nighttime liver transplantation is not associated with a greater risk of surgical complications. In addition, one-year graft and patient survival do not display inferior results in patients undergoing nighttime transplantation